Linking Change and Participation

Hierarchy of political life showing the internal duality of change v participation.

Stability & Mass Action

Political life is about members of a society participating to produce changes in their society via new public policies that accommodate differences of view.

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)…Closed Madness is rare in individuals—but in groups, political parties, nations and eras, it is the rule.

People en masse behaving similarly in a spontaneous way without coordination or mobilization, is the most powerful force in society. So both stability and change depend in large part on mass action-CG7. This action expresses the legitimacy of the government.

The value we all give to a peaceful, stable social order is associated with our desire to go about life and pursue our interests without thinking too much about politics. However, such stability is simply the counterpoint to change. When change is required, then stability is the challenge.

ClosedMore on Mass Action

Tensions usually Develop

If tensions reach a certain degree within society, urges to take political action emerge in one or more sections of the populace. Their goal becomes to force change.

Will that change emerge from peaceful activity? i.e. will it be political?  Or: will tensions release violence?

Renouncing violence requires tolerance and depends on willingness. If the political change is widely desired, then it may occur by alterations in mass action without organization. Most change, however, needs to be based on specific, explicit, coordinated participation, and that perspective takes us to G1.


Although progress from participation to change has been explained in a step-by-step fashion, there was no focus on how the Centres (as core phenomena of political life) are themselves linked.

  • The next step in understanding the determinants of legitimacy in governing and the handling of political tensions is to clarify what links people and society.

Originally posted: August-2009; Last updated: 15-Oct-2023